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Web Graphics Overview: Vector SVG vs Raster Canvas
DOM-based resolution-independent vectors vs pixel buffer raster drawing
Modern web graphics are powered by two complementary technologies: SVG (vector XML elements in the DOM) and HTML5 Canvas (high-performance JavaScript pixel buffers).
SVG vs HTML5 Canvas Comparison
SVG (Scalable Vector Graphics): Defined via XML elements (<svg>, <rect>, <path>). Resolution-independent—scales infinitely without blurriness on Retina screens. Every shape is a live DOM node supporting CSS styling and JavaScript event listeners (click, hover).
Canvas (<canvas>): A raster pixel grid manipulated entirely via JavaScript procedural code (ctx.fillRect()). Extremely fast for 100,000s of moving particles or 60fps video games, but does not have DOM nodes for individual shapes.
| Feature | Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) | HTML5 Canvas (<canvas>) |
|---|---|---|
| Rendering Paradigm | Retained Mode (DOM nodes) | Immediate Mode (Pixel buffer) |
| Resolution | Infinite (Crisp at any zoom) | Pixel-dependent (Can blur if resized) |
| Event Handling | Built-in DOM events on every shape | Requires manual raycasting / coordinates |
| Best Use Case | Icons, charts, diagrams, logos | Complex games, particle systems, video filters |
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Test Yourself With Exercise
Which web graphics technology maintains crisp, razor-sharp edges at any zoom level because it is mathematically defined as vectors?