Set your Publisher ID in src/config/ads.ts to display live ads.
I/O Redirection, Pipes & File Descriptors
stdin (0), stdout (1), stderr (2), >, >>, 2>&1, /dev/null, and pipelines |
Linux operates on the Unix philosophy: "Everything is a file." Standard I/O streams can be redirected to disk files or chained across programs using pipes.
The 3 Standard Streams & Redirection
0 (stdin): Standard input (keyboard / stream input).
1 (stdout): Standard output (normal prints).
2 (stderr): Standard error (error messages).
> (Overwrite) vs >> (Append): Redirects stdout to a file.
2>&1: Redirects stderr into stdout so both streams merge into the same destination.
/dev/null: The black hole of Linux. Discards output: command > /dev/null 2>&1.
Pipe (|): Connects stdout of the left program directly to stdin of the right program.
# 1. Suppress all output completely
curl -s https://api.codexia.org/health > /dev/null 2>&1
# 2. Pipeline: Find running node processes and count them
ps aux | grep "[n]ode" | wc -l
# 3. Log stdout and stderr into separate files
./deploy.sh > deploy.log 2> deploy_errors.logSet your Publisher ID in src/config/ads.ts to display live ads.
Test Yourself With Exercise
What does `2>&1` mean in shell redirection?