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Variables, Quoting Rules & Command Substitution
Zero spaces around =, double quotes vs single quotes, and $(command) syntax
Bash variables are untyped strings. Understanding quoting rules is essential to prevent unintended word splitting and globbing bugs.
The Golden Rules of Bash Variables
No Spaces Around =: NAME="Codexia" is valid; NAME = "Codexia" fails with a command not found error!
Double Quotes ("..."): Interpolates variables ("$USER") and escapes special characters.
Single Quotes ('...'): Preserves literal text with ZERO interpolation ('$USER' prints raw $USER).
Command Substitution ($(command)): Captures the standard output of a command into a variable.
#!/usr/bin/env bash
APP_NAME="Codexia API"
HOST=$(hostname)
UPTIME=$(uptime -p)
# Double quotes allow variable interpolation
echo "App '$APP_NAME' running on host: $HOST ($UPTIME)"
# Single quotes treat content strictly as literal text
echo 'Literal text: $APP_NAME will not expand here'Set your Publisher ID in src/config/ads.ts to display live ads.
Test Yourself With Exercise
What is the syntax error in the Bash variable assignment `PORT = 8080`?